QOS ANALYSIS OF LEO SATELLITE BROADBAND NETWORK FOR IOT IN SMART FARMING

Eka Hero Ramadhani; I Ketut Agung Enriko; Erika Lety Istikhomah Puspita Sari; Ahmad Tossin Alamsyah; Muhammad Azza Ulin Nuha

doi:10.29100/jipi.v10i3.7824

QOS ANALYSIS OF LEO SATELLITE BROADBAND NETWORK FOR IOT IN SMART FARMING

Eka Hero Ramadhani
I Ketut Agung Enriko
Erika Lety Istikhomah Puspita Sari
Ahmad Tossin Alamsyah
Muhammad Azza Ulin Nuha

DOI: https://doi.org/10.29100/jipi.v10i3.7824

Abstract

The need for food in the form of agricultural products is currently increasing along with the growth of the world's population. However, the workforce in the agricultural sector in the modern era is decreasing because many young people are reluctant to become farmers. Therefore, the concept of Smart Farming emerged to overcome this problem by helping farmers manage and run agriculture efficiently using modern technology that can work automatically or be monitored or operated remotely using the internet network, for example, the Internet of Things (IoT) Smart Farming. However, agricultural areas located in remote or isolated villages are difficult to reach by terrestrial internet network infrastructure. Therefore, Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite broadband network infrastructure can be a new solution, so it needs to be researched. This research analyzes the Quality of Service (QoS) of LEO satellite broadband networks in IoT Smart Farming. The methods used consist of prototyping, experimentation, and analysis. QoS analysis based on throughput, packet loss, delay, and jitter parameters. The results of the experiment and analysis of this study indicate that the throughput value is 1243 bps. The speed test results show an average download speed of 88,89 Mbps and an upload speed of 14,08 Mbps. The packet loss value is 0%, which means that all packets were successfully sent. The average delay value is 97 ms. The jitter value is 26 ms. The results of this study can be further studied and developed for other use cases that are constrained by terrestrial internet network infrastructure.

Keywords

Broadband Network; IoT; LEO Satellite; QoS; Smart Farming.

Full Text:

PDF

Article Metrics :

References

M. M. Maja and S. F. Ayano, “The Impact of Population Growth on Natural Resources and Farmers’ Capacity to Adapt to Climate Change in Low-Income Countries,” Earth Systems and Environment 2021 5:2, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 271–283, Mar. 2021, doi: 10.1007/S41748-021-00209-6.

N. Ngadi et al., “Challenge of Agriculture Development in Indonesia: Rural Youth Mobility and Aging Workers in Agriculture Sector,” Sustainability 2023, Vol. 15, Page 922, vol. 15, no. 2, p. 922, Jan. 2023, doi: 10.3390/SU15020922.

D. C. Rose, R. Wheeler, M. Winter, M. Lobley, and C. A. Chivers, “Agriculture 4.0: Making it work for people, production, and the planet,” Land use policy, vol. 100, p. 104933, Jan. 2021, doi: 10.1016/J.LANDUSEPOL.2020.104933.

I. Ivanochko, M. jr. Greguš, and O. Melnyk, “Smart Farming System Based on Cloud Computing Technologies,” Procedia Comput Sci, vol. 238, pp. 857–862, Jan. 2024, doi: 10.1016/J.PROCS.2024.06.103.

W. Agbenyo et al., “Does the Adoption of Climate-Smart Agricultural Practices Impact Farmers’ Income? Evidence from Ghana,” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2022, Vol. 19, Page 3804, vol. 19, no. 7, p. 3804, Mar. 2022, doi: 10.3390/IJERPH19073804.

J. Samuel et al., “Enhancing farm income resilience through climate smart agriculture in drought-prone regions of India,” Frontiers in Water, vol. 6, p. 1327651, Feb. 2024, doi: 10.3389/FRWA.2024.1327651/BIBTEX.

BBPP Ketindan, “Kementan Ajak Generasi Muda Kuasai Digitalisasi Pertanian Melalui Longterm K-Smart Farm.” Accessed: May 18, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://bbppketindan.bppsdmp.pertanian.go.id/blog/post/kementan-ajak-generasi-muda-kuasai-digitalisasi-pertanian-melalui-longterm-k-smart-farm

M. D. Lestari, W. D. Lestari, P. F. Nuryananda, and H. Maulana, “SMART FARMING IN AN EFFORT TO IMPROVE THE WELFARE OF FARMERS IN JAJAR VILLAGE, GANDUSARI SUB-DISTRICT, TRENGGALEK DISTRICT,” INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 28–34, Dec. 2024, doi: 10.33322/KILAT.V10I2.1376
.

E. Said Mohamed, A. A. Belal, S. Kotb Abd-Elmabod, M. A. El-Shirbeny, A. Gad, and M. B. Zahran, “Smart farming for improving agricultural management,” The Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Science, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 971–981, Dec. 2021, doi: 10.1016/J.EJRS.2021.08.007.

D. Huo, A. W. Malik, S. D. Ravana, A. U. Rahman, and I. Ahmedy, “Mapping smart farming: Addressing agricultural challenges in data-driven era,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 189, p. 113858, Jan. 2024, doi: 10.1016/J.RSER.2023.113858.

A. Faid, M. Sadik, and E. Sabir, “IoT-based Low Cost Architecture for Smart Farming,” 2020 International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, IWCMC 2020, pp. 1296–1302, Jun. 2020, doi: 10.1109/IWCMC48107.2020.9148455.

K. LoPiccalo, “Impact of broadband penetration on U.S. Farm productivity: A panel approach,” Telecomm Policy, vol. 46, no. 9, p. 102396, Oct. 2022, doi: 10.1016/J.TELPOL.2022.102396.

A. Bujari, C. Coreggioli, M. Franco, S. E. Merzougui, C. E. Palazzi, and L. B. Schmidt, “Supporting Smart Farming through Bandwidth Adaptation in Satellite Communications,” ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, no. 23, pp. 74–81, Sep. 2023, doi: 10.1145/3582515.3609520.

B. Citoni, F. Fioranelli, M. A. Imran, and Q. H. Abbasi, “Internet of Things and LoRaWAN-Enabled Future Smart Farming,” IEEE Internet of Things Magazine, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 14–19, Feb. 2020, doi: 10.1109/IOTM.0001.1900043.

N. Islam, M. M. Rashid, F. Pasandideh, B. Ray, S. Moore, and R. Kadel, “A Review of Applications and Communication Technologies for Internet of Things (IoT) and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Based Sustainable Smart Farming,” Sustainability 2021, Vol. 13, Page 1821, vol. 13, no. 4, p. 1821, Feb. 2021, doi: 10.3390/SU13041821.

M. Gupta, M. Abdelsalam, S. Khorsandroo, and S. Mittal, “Security and Privacy in Smart Farming: Challenges and Opportunities,” IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 34564–34584, 2020, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2975142.

A. Srikande, M. B. Hossain, S. R. Pokhrel, and J. Choi, “Insights on Smart Farming with Low Orbit Satellite,” IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, vol. 2022-June, 2022, doi: 10.1109/VTC2022-SPRING54318.2022.9860716.

Lisnawati, “KEHADIRAN STARLINK DI INDONESIA: MANFAAT DAN DAMPAK,” Info Singkat Pusat Analisis Keparlemenan Badan Keahlian DPR RI, vol. XVI, Jakarta, pp. 16–20, 2024. Accessed: Jan. 06, 2025. [Online]. Available: http://pusaka.dpr.go.id

Y. Su, Y. Liu, Y. Zhou, J. Yuan, H. Cao, and J. Shi, “Broadband LEO satellite communications: Architectures and key technologies,” IEEE Wirel Commun, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 55–61, Apr. 2019, doi: 10.1109/MWC.2019.1800299.

M. A. Arifin et al., “Proof of Concept for Disaster Data Collection via Satellite-Based LoRa: Insights from in-Orbit Tests,” 2024 IEEE International Conference on Aerospace Electronics and Remote Sensing Technology (ICARES), pp. 1–5, Nov. 2024, doi: 10.1109/ICARES64249.2024.10767975.

M. A. Arifin, N. M. N. Khamsah, N. Najati, W. Suryanto, and I. E. Prabowo, “Data Collection Platform Design using LEO Satellite-based LoRa for Disaster Management in Indonesia,” 2023 IEEE International Conference on Aerospace Electronics and Remote Sensing Technology, ICARES 2023, 2023, doi: 10.1109/ICARES60489.2023.10329893.

A. Satryoko and A. J. S. Runturambi, “Method using iot low earth orbit satellite to monitor forest temperature in indonesia,” International Conference on Electrical Engineering, Computer Science and Informatics (EECSI), vol. 2020-October, pp. 240–243, Oct. 2020, doi: 10.23919/EECSI50503.2020.9251873.

I. A. Courie, G. A. Faza, A. Y. Hertanto, R. E. Poetro, and N. S. Ardi, “Preliminary Design of Imaging Microsatellite for Preventing Illegal Fishing in Indonesia,” IOP Conf Ser Earth Environ Sci, vol. 284, no. 1, p. 012042, May 2019, doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/284/1/012042.

R. Hidayati, M. Sutyarjoko, and H. Wijanto, “Compliance of Non-GSO Satellite with Radio Regulations Regarding to Interference with GSO Earth Stations. Case Study: Starlink and Telkom 3S,” 2024 8th International Conference on Information Technology, Information Systems and Electrical Engineering, ICITISEE 2024, pp. 574–579, 2024, doi: 10.1109/ICITISEE63424.2024.10730710.

A. Susanto and Iskandar, “Analysis of Uplink and Downlink Interference between NGSO and GSO Satellites at Ku Band Frequency: Case Study on Starlink and Telkom-3S,” 2024 10th International Conference on Wireless and Telematics (ICWT), pp. 1–5, Jul. 2024, doi: 10.1109/ICWT62080.2024.10674698.

A. Susanto and Iskandar, “Interference Analysis between LEO and GSO Satellites at Ku Band Frequency: Case Study on Starlink and Telkom-3S,” Proceeding of 2022 16th International Conference on Telecommunication Systems Services and Applications, TSSA 2022, 2022, doi: 10.1109/TSSA56819.2022.10063928.

O. E. Olorunshola and F. N. Ogwueleka, “Review of System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) Models for Effective Application Delivery,” Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, vol. 191, pp. 281–289, 2022, doi: 10.1007/978-981-16-0739-4_28.

I. Ketut, A. Enriko, A. N. Nababan, A. F. Rochim, and S. Kuntadi, “A Fire suppression monitoring system for smart building,” JURNAL INFOTEL, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 195–200, May 2023, doi: 10.20895/INFOTEL.V15I2.940.

R. Maruthi, S. Nagarajan, R. Anitha, and V. Jaitly, “IoT based Automated Remote Monitoring System for Smart Farming,” 2023 4th International Conference on Electronics and Sustainable Communication Systems, ICESC 2023 - Proceedings, pp. 334–337, 2023, doi: 10.1109/ICESC57686.2023.10193195.

J. S. Sarjerao and G. Sudhagar, “Integration of Remote Sensing and IoT for Real-Time Monitoring of Irrigation in Smart Farming,” Proceedings - 2024 1st International Conference on Innovative Sustainable Technologies for Energy, Mechatronics and Smart Systems, ISTEMS 2024, 2024, doi: 10.1109/ISTEMS60181.2024.10560275.

R. Karthiga, C. L. Brindha Devi, R. Janaki, C. Gayathri, S. Samuthira Pandi, and D. Shobana, “IoT Farm: A Robust Methodology Design to Support Smart Agricultural System Using Internet of Things with Intelligent Sensors Association,” 7th International Conference on Electronics, Communication and Aerospace Technology, ICECA 2023 - Proceedings, pp. 1332–1337, 2023, doi: 10.1109/ICECA58529.2023.10395635.

A. Triantafyllou, D. C. Tsouros, P. Sarigiannidis, and S. Bibi, “An architecture model for smart farming,” Proceedings - 15th Annual International Conference on Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems, DCOSS 2019, pp. 385–392, May 2019, doi: 10.1109/DCOSS.2019.00081.

H. Hambly and R. Rajabiun, “Rural broadband: Gaps, maps and challenges,” Telematics and Informatics, vol. 60, p. 101565, Jul. 2021, doi: 10.1016/J.TELE.2021.101565.

C. Biedny and B. E. Whitacre, “The Broadband Serviceable Location Fabric, Rural America, and Agriculture,” Choices, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 1–9, 2022, [Online]. Available: https://remote-lib.ui.ac.id:2065/stable/27201701

W. Briglauer, J. Krämer, and N. Palan, “Socioeconomic benefits of high-speed broadband availability and service adoption: A survey,” Telecomm Policy, vol. 48, no. 7, p. 102808, Aug. 2024, doi: 10.1016/J.TELPOL.2024.102808.

X. Luo, H. H. Chen, and Q. Guo, “LEO/VLEO Satellite Communications in 6G and Beyond Networks – Technologies, Applications and Challenges,” IEEE Netw, 2024, doi: 10.1109/MNET.2024.3353806.

Espressif Inc., ESP8266EX Datasheet, Version 7.0. 2023.

M. D. Dwivedi, S. Kalra, J. Dubey, C. Kumar, N. Singh, and V. K. Gautam, “Smart Farming: Monitoring of Field Status and Control of Irrigation Using Sensors and Esp8266 Nodemcu Module,” J Phys Conf Ser, vol. 2570, no. 1, p. 012035, Aug. 2023, doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/2570/1/012035.

L. Kamelia, S. Nugraha, M. R. Effendi, and S. Gumilar, “Real-Time Monitoring System for Measurement of Soil Fertility Parameters in Smart Farming Applications,” Proceeding of 2019 5th International Conference on Wireless and Telematics, ICWT 2019, Jul. 2019, doi: 10.1109/ICWT47785.2019.8978268.

V. K. Shukla, A. Kohli, and F. A. Shaikh, “IOT based growth monitoring on moringa oleifera through capacitive soil moisture sensor,” 2020 7th International Conference on Information Technology Trends, ITT 2020, pp. 94–98, Nov. 2020, doi: 10.1109/ITT51279.2020.9320884.

G. Souza, B. T. De Faria, R. Gomes Alves, F. Lima, P. T. Aquino, and J. P. Soininen, “Calibration equation and field test of a capacitive soil moisture sensor,” 2020 IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for Agriculture and Forestry, MetroAgriFor 2020 - Proceedings, pp. 180–184, Nov. 2020, doi: 10.1109/METROAGRIFOR50201.2020.9277634.

D. Yulizar et al., “Performance Analysis Comparison of DHT11, DHT22 and DS18B20 as Temperature Measurement,” pp. 37–45, Aug. 2023, doi: 10.2991/978-94-6463-232-3_5.

S. Ansari, A. Ansari, A. Kumar, R. Kumar, and E. T. Nyamasvisva, “Environmental Temperature and Humidity Monitoring at Agricultural Farms using Internet of Things & DHT22-Sensor,” Journal of Independent Studies and Research Computing, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 25–31, Dec. 2023, doi: 10.31645/JISRC.23.21.2.5.

Telkom, “Telkom IoT Platform.” Accessed: Dec. 10, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://www.telkomiot.id/documentation

MQTT.org, “MQTT - The Standard for IoT Messaging,” MQTT.org. Accessed: Oct. 30, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://mqtt.org/

Starlink, “Starlink.” Accessed: Apr. 30, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://www.starlink.com/

A. K. Agarwal, D. Ather, R. Astya, D. Parygin, A. Garg, and D. Raj, “Analysis of Environmental Factors for Smart Farming: An Internet of Things Based Approach,” Proceedings of the 2021 10th International Conference on System Modeling and Advancement in Research Trends, SMART 2021, pp. 210–214, 2021, doi: 10.1109/SMART52563.2021.9676305.

M. Agustin, I. Hermawan, D. Arnaldy, A. T. Muharram, and B. Warsuta, “Design of Livestream Video System and Classification of Rice Disease,” JOIV : International Journal on Informatics Visualization, vol. 7, no. 1, 2023, doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.30630/joiv.7.1.1336.

M. N. Wirawan, M. Lubis, and M. T. Kurniawan, “Evaluating Quality of Service: Throughput, Packet Loss, and Delay in Tree Topology with Ryu and Pox Controllers in Software-Defined Network,” ICSINTESA 2024 - 2024 4th International Conference of Science and Information Technology in Smart Administration: The Collaboration of Smart Technology and Good Governance for Sustainable Development Goals, pp. 457–462, 2024, doi: 10.1109/ICSINTESA62455.2024.10748026.

S. H. Sabila, I. W. Mustika, and S. Sulistyo, “Design and Implementation of Mobile Applications for Military Personnel Based on SIP (Session Initiation Protocol),” 2022 IEEE 12th Annual Computing and Communication Workshop and Conference, CCWC 2022, pp. 870–875, 2022, doi: 10.1109/CCWC54503.2022.9720802.

A. Hafiz and D. Susianto, “Analysis of Internet Service Quality Using Internet Control Message Protocol,” J Phys Conf Ser, vol. 1338, no. 1, p. 012055, Oct. 2019, doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1338/1/012055.

Username
Password
Remember me