INTEGRATING PjBL AND LOCAL WISDOM IN E-MODULES TO FOSTER STUDENTS' CREATIVE THINKING: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

Creative thinking is an important twenty-first-century competency that enables students to generate ideas, explore alternative solutions, and develop innovative responses to environmental problems. This literature review aims to synthesize empirical findings concerning Project-Based Learning (PjBL), e-modules, local wisdom, environmental pollution, and creative thinking in biology education. A descriptive literature review, strengthened with a structured search and selection procedure adapted from the PRISMA guideline, was conducted through searches of Google Scholar and national journal databases using combinations of keywords related to PjBL, creative thinking, e-modules, local wisdom, environmental pollution, and coffee-ground waste. Eleven primary studies were selected based on predefined inclusion criteria and synthesized thematically into four areas: PjBL and creative thinking, e-modules as digital learning resources, local wisdom in biology education, and coffee-ground waste as an environmental learning context. The reviewed studies indicate that PjBL provides opportunities for students to investigate authentic problems, generate ideas, design projects, develop products, and reflect on solutions. E-modules can provide structured digital learning environments and support independent and project-oriented learning. Local wisdom can strengthen contextual learning by connecting biological concepts with students' sociocultural environments. Coffee-ground waste also has potential as an authentic environmental and creative learning context. The synthesis identifies a research gap in the integration of PjBL, e-modules, creative thinking, environmental pollution, and coffee-ground waste associated with the cethe tradition in Tulungagung. The findings provide an empirical basis for developing an integrated e-module for biology learning.