TINJAUAN PRODUKSI BIOETANOL DARI LIMBAH KULIT NANGKA: ANALISIS FERMENTASI DENGAN Saccharomyces cerevisiae: STUDI SLR (2010-2025)accharomyces cerevisiae

Monita Intan Sari, Aceng Ruyani, M. Lutfi Firdaus

Abstract


Limbah kulit nangka (Artocarpus heterophyllus) merupakan biomassa lignoselulosa yang melimpah dan berpotensi sebagai bahan baku alternatif untuk produksi bioetanol generasi kedua. Tinjauan literatur sistematis ini bertujuan menganalisis secara komprehensif proses produksi bioetanol dari limbah kulit nangka dengan fokus pada fermentasi menggunakan Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Tinjauan sistematis ini dilakukan mengikuti pedoman PRISMA 2020. Pencarian literatur dilakukan pada database Scopus, Science Direct, PubMed, dan Google Scholar untuk artikel yang dipublikasikan tahun 2010-2025. Kriteria inklusi mencakup studi tentang produksi bioetanol dari kulit nangka, penggunaan S. cerevisiae sebagai agen fermentasi, dan artikel terindeks Scopus/Sinta. Dari 847 artikel yang teridentifikasi, 25 artikel memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan dianalisis secara kualitatif. Kulit nangka mengandung 20-28% selulosa, 24% hemiselulosa, dan 1,85% lignin. Perlakuan pendahuluan menggunakan metode alkali (NaOH 4%) dan delignifikasi dengan NaClO₂ efektif meningkatkan aksesibilitas selulosa. Hidrolisis enzimatik menggunakan enzim campuran Trichoderma reesei dan Aspergillus niger menghasilkan gula tereduksi optimal. Fermentasi dengan S. cerevisiae pada kondisi optimum (pH 4,0-5,0, suhu 30-35°C, waktu 72-96 jam) menghasilkan bioetanol dengan konsentrasi 3-10 g/L. Kulit nangka memiliki potensi signifikan sebagai bahan baku bioetanol generasi kedua, namun optimasi proses dan pengembangan teknologi skala industri masih diperlukan untuk meningkatkan efisiensi dan kelayakan ekonomi.

Keywords


Bioetanol; Kulit nangka; Saccharomyces cerevisiae

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.29100/eduproxima.v8i3.9667

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